Что такое Vagrant?

 1# macOS
 2brew install vagrant
 3
 4# Ubuntu/Debian
 5wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
 6echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
 7sudo apt update && sudo apt install vagrant
 8
 9# Также потребуется провайдер виртуализации
10# VirtualBox (рекомендуется для начинающих)
11sudo apt install virtualbox
12
13# Проверка установки
14vagrant --version

 1# Инициализация нового проекта
 2vagrant init ubuntu/focal64
 3
 4# Запуск виртуальной машины
 5vagrant up
 6
 7# Подключение по SSH
 8vagrant ssh
 9
10# Остановка VM
11vagrant halt
12
13# Перезапуск с применением изменений
14vagrant reload
15
16# Удаление VM
17vagrant destroy
18
19# Статус VM
20vagrant status
21
22# Список всех VM
23vagrant global-status

 1# Vagrantfile
 2Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
 3  # Базовый образ
 4  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
 5  config.vm.box_version = "20231215.0.0"
 6
 7  # Настройка сети
 8  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
 9  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
10
11  # Синхронизация папок
12  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "virtualbox"
13  config.vm.synced_folder "./app", "/var/www/html"
14
15  # Настройка провайдера
16  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
17    vb.name = "development-server"
18    vb.memory = "2048"
19    vb.cpus = 2
20    vb.gui = false
21  end
22
23  # Provisioning через shell
24  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
25    apt-get update
26    apt-get install -y nginx nodejs npm
27    systemctl enable nginx
28    systemctl start nginx
29  SHELL
30
31  # Provisioning через файл
32  config.vm.provision "shell", path: "bootstrap.sh"
33
34  # Provisioning через Ansible
35  config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
36    ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
37    ansible.inventory_path = "inventory"
38  end
39end

 1# Vagrantfile для нескольких машин
 2Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
 3  # Web сервер
 4  config.vm.define "web" do |web|
 5    web.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
 6    web.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
 7    web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
 8      vb.memory = "1024"
 9    end
10    web.vm.provision "shell", inline: "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx"
11  end
12
13  # База данных
14  config.vm.define "db" do |db|
15    db.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
16    db.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"
17    db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
18      vb.memory = "2048"
19    end
20    db.vm.provision "shell", inline: "apt-get update && apt-get install -y postgresql"
21  end
22
23  # Load balancer
24  config.vm.define "lb" do |lb|
25    lb.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
26    lb.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.12"
27    lb.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
28    lb.vm.provision "shell", path: "setup-haproxy.sh"
29  end
30end

 1# playbook.yml
 2---
 3- hosts: all
 4  become: yes
 5  vars:
 6    app_user: vagrant
 7    app_dir: /var/www/app
 8
 9  tasks:
10    - name: Update apt cache
11      apt:
12        update_cache: yes
13
14    - name: Install packages
15      apt:
16        name:
17          - nginx
18          - nodejs
19          - npm
20          - git
21        state: present
22
23    - name: Create app directory
24      file:
25        path: "{{ app_dir }}"
26        state: directory
27        owner: "{{ app_user }}"
28        group: "{{ app_user }}"
29
30    - name: Copy nginx config
31      template:
32        src: nginx.conf.j2
33        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
34      notify: restart nginx
35
36  handlers:
37    - name: restart nginx
38      service:
39        name: nginx
40        state: restarted